Vienmēr uzskatīju, ka Eiropas monarhijas ir atavisms. Kāpēc demokrātiskās valstīs vēl nepieciešams monarhs? Vienīgi aiz cieņas pret tradīcijām un ieraduma pēc? Izrādās, arī portugāļiem ir savs karalis. Viņam konstitucionāli nav nekādu tiesību, jo šī ir parlamentāra republika. Tomēr līdzko nomirst kārtējais karalis, kāds no viņa pēcnācējiem kļūst par jauno karali. Potenciāli šobrīd par tādu varētu kļūt vai nu Dom Duarte de Braganca, vai viņa dēls.
Eiropas monarhisms 75
Pašlaik publiskajā telpā ir uzvirmojusi diskusija par to, vai Portugālei nevajadzētu atjaunot monarhiju. Sociālisti, kas pēc pēdējām vēlēšanām ir guvuši ievērojamu pārsvaru, patiesībā nav ar viennozīmīgu "jā" vai "nē". Sabiedrības vairākums uzskata, ka monarhs šai valstij var dot vairāk nekā dod prezidents.
Šodienas realitēte ir tā, ka karalim var būt savs viedoklis, un viņš var ietekmēt politiku, kā tas ir noticis gan ar vairākiem politiskiem lēmumiem, gan ar Portugāles energoefektivitātes projekta lobēšanu. Tomēr tie ir bijuši tikai atsevišķi gadījumi, ne likumsakarība. Pats Duarte de Braganca vēlētos izmaiņas konstitūcijā un atgriešanos pie monarhijas. Viņaprāt, Eiropā lieliski darbojas monarhijas, par piemēru, kam Portugāle vēlas sekot, minot Lielbritāniju. Turklāt, viņš norāda uz likumsakarību, ka demokrātija šajās valstīs, kur vēl ir arī monarhs, ir spēcīgāka, nekā tajās, kuras ir parlamentāras. Tādējādi, monarhs šodien nevis vājina, bet spēcina demokrātiju. Man gan liktos, ka šeit var meklēt iemeslus ne tikai monarha esamībā, bet citos aspektos, kas ietekmē demokrātijas stabilitāti - demokrātisko pieredzi, ekonomisko stāvokli, pilsoniskās sabiedrības aktivitāti, u.t.t.
Protams, šai nostaļģijai pēc monarhijas ir arī citi iemesli un ne mazums. Ir ekonomiskā krīze, un sabiedrībā ir vēlme pēc pārmaiņām. Portugālē vēl nav norimušas diskusijas par to, vai vajadzēja atteikties no savām kolonijām. Duarte de Braganca, piemēram, uzskata, ka tā bija lielākā no kļūdām. Neviens jau nepateiks to skaļi, bet tās var būt alkas pēc lielvalsts, impērijas, kāda Portugāle bija agrāk. Tai pat laikā, lusofoniskās Angolas, Mozambikas un Gvinejas-Biso dekolonizācija noveda šīs valstis līdz ekonomiskam kraham un ir sabiedrības daļa, kas uzskata, ka tā bija nodevība. Cabo Verde un Sao Tome un Principe nonāca nedaudz labākā situācijā. Jebkurā gadījumā, tieši nabadzīgās Portugāles bijušās kolonijas ir tās, no kurām (uzreiz pēc Brazīlijas) nāk lielākā daļa imigrantu.
Vēl ir aktuālas diskusijas par Ibērijas savienības veidošanu starp monarhisko Spāniju un parlamentāro Portugāli. Tomēr pašlaik tas nav iespējams, jo valstis nespēj vienoties, bet Portugāle baidās no spēcīgās Spānijas ietekmes, kura pati cīnās ar separātismu un nav vienota. Turklāt, par šķērsli tiek uzskatīts tas, ka viena no valstīm ir monarhija, bet otra nē.
Pārmaiņas pārmaiņu pēc vai iespēja uzlabot esošo situāciju valstī un atrisināt problēmas - tas ir jautājums, uz ko mēģina atbildēt sabiedrība Portugālē par monarhijas atjaunošanas jautājumu. Varbūt monarhija Eiropā ir nevis noiets etaps, bet gan demokrātijas stabilitātes garants?

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maahrim 25.05.2010 18:21
taatad "Karaliste" nav sugas vaards?
Mahris > Neesmu speciaalists bet... 24.05.2010 23:49
Speciāli piemetināju "ja sugas vārds".
Minētajos līgumos lietoti īpašvārdi, valstu nosaukumi. Nebrīnisimies, ka ar Bērziņa kgu nevar kurināt krāsni.
uldis 24.05.2010 22:07
Portugālē vēl nav norimušas diskusijas par to, vai vajadzēja atteikties no savām kolonijām.
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Krievijā arī ir daudz neapmierināto par PSRS sagraušanu. Imperiālisms ,nostaļģija.
Jaņdžs 22.05.2010 21:43
Jāņu bērnu līdzgaitnieki bij Bogomiļi, Katāri (ķeceri), Valdensieši, Lolardi, Jūdi, utt. Ceļotāja Jāņa pirmsākums iespējams meklējams priekšvēsturisko laiku svētā upurķēniņā.
ja jau.. 21.05.2010 14:27
kas ne obligaati ir karaliste (jo valsts var buut, piemeeram, impeerija) un ir pretstats demokraatijai.
===
Tikei nezkāpēc karaliene joprojām dala The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire, kas laikam ir populārākais apbalvojums UK.
Neesmu speciaalists bet... Mahrim 21.05.2010 13:23
ja jau sie vaardi ir sinoniimi tad kaapeec piemeeram starptautiskos liigumos (piemeeram, Ligumaa par Eiropas savieniibu, Eiropas cilvektiesibu konvencijaa) tiek lietots vaards "Karaliste"? Tacu lai noraadiitu ka valsts ir demokraatija un nevis monarhija!
Tiesa no otras puses ir valstis, piemeeram, Kanaada, kur sos vardus lieto ka sinoniimus.
Vareetu pienjemt ka latviesu valodaa "konstitucionaala monarhija" ir sinoniims karalistei, jo monarha vara ir ierobezota un taatad valsts iekaarta ir demokraatiska, tacu vaards monarhija taa pirmajaa noziimee noraada uz valdnieku ar neierobezotu varu kuras avots nav tauta - (absoluuta monarhija) kas ne obligaati ir karaliste (jo valsts var buut, piemeeram, impeerija) un ir pretstats demokraatijai.
Mahris > spesjialist 21.05.2010 02:43
Jūs, protams, varat mēģināt pasaulei uzspiest savu terminoloģiju. Kad pasaule to pieņems, priecāšos par Jums.
Bet pagaidām Jūs esat vienīgais, kas lieto "monarhija" un "karaliste" Jūsu ieteiktajās nozīmēs.
Pasaulei karaliste (ja sugas vārds) ir monarhijas sinonīms. Monarhijas savukārt šķiro, visbiežāk absolūtās un konstitucionālās.
spesjialist 20.05.2010 01:27
Jums vajadzzetu piedomaat pie terminologjijas
"Monarhija" nav viens un tas pats kas "Karaliste"
Paskaidrosu: Karaliste ir politisks reziims, kuraa valsts vara tiek mantota taadeejadi karaliste ir pretstats Republikai, tacu Karaliste ne obligaati ir pretstats demokraatijai, ja Karalja (sultaana, cara utt.) vara ir ierobezhota it ipashi konstituucijaa.
Savukaart Monarhija noraada to, ka valsti vara pieder, Karalim, caram utml, nevis tautai liidz ar to monarhija ir pretstats demokraatijai.
Secinaajums? Eiropaa sodien nav nevienas Monarhijas, tacu pastaav dazas Karalistes (Zviedrija, Lielbriaanija, Belgija u.c; kaa arii viena Lielhercogiste : Luxemburga.
Andris_2 19.05.2010 13:15
FZSS 19.05.2010 10:21 ...tas pats kas LV Jāņi...
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Vēl vairāk - latvieši ir tie, kuru tradīciju, paradumu un vērtību grozu ilustrē Jāņi visā to modernajā kompozīcijā. Bet ir arī nācijas, kuru vērtības ilustrē un simbolizē to karaliskās ģimenes.
FZSS 19.05.2010 10:21
Eiropā monarhijas ir tas pats kas LV Jāņi-tradīciju nesējas:)
Kalvis 19.05.2010 08:54
Varbūt arī Latvijā vajag atdzīvināt Aleksandra Grīna pārstāstīto leģendu par Nameja gredzenu un izraudzīties kādu pārliecinātu ulmanistu kā Zemgales virsaišu likumīgo pēcteci :)) Un pēc tam šo karaļa/virsaiša titulu manto virsaiša dēls vai arī to piešķir kādam Nameja dzimtas loceklim sarežģītā ceremonijā - pēc Likteņa zirga lēmuma (kā Artura Baumaņa gleznā). Sk. http://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Arturs_Baumanis_Likte%C5%86a_zirgs_1887.jpg .
Līdz šim valsts reprezentācijas pienākumus pietiekami sekmīgi un profesionāli ir veikuši veļas mazgātavas direktors, psiholoģe un traumu ķirurgs. Daži dikti sašutuši par to, ka pie mums prezidentus izraugās zooloģiskajā dārzā utml. Bet vai monarhijās jauna monarha izraudzīšanas procedūra ir daudz loģiskāka un cienīgāka? Apmēram tas pats jau vien ir. Galvenais, ka politiskā sistēma un pēctecība darbojas stabili.
jumors 18.05.2010 21:25
Tad vismaz ir tikai viena maza gimenīte, kas ir vienlīdzīgāka par citām. Un pārējie pret šo ģimeni vienlīdzīgi - kaut kas tur ir....